BUILDING C #
Java developers have successfully settled many problems associated with portability in an environment of Internet, but not all. One of them - interlingual interoperability (cross-language interoperability) software and hardware products from different suppliers, or multi-programming (mixed-language programming). If this problem programs written in different languages, could work successfully with each other. Such interaction is necessary for large systems of distributed software (software), as well as programming software components as a valuable component that can be used in a wide range of computer languages and operating environments.
In addition, Java is not achieved full integration of the platform Windows. Although Java-program can be executed in the environment Windows (if vstanolennya virtual machine Java), Java and Windows is not tightly bound environments. And since Windows - this is the most widely used operating system in the world, the lack of direct support for Windows - a serious lack of Java.
To meet these needs, Microsoft has developed a language C #, C # was created in the late 1990s and became part of the joint. NET-into the Microsoft. She first saw light as an alpha version in mid-2000. The main architect of C # was Heylsberh Anders (Anders Hejlsberg) - one of the leading experts in the field of programming languages that has received worldwide recognition. Suffice it to say that in 1980 he was the author of a successful product Turbo Pascal, elegant implementation of which set the standard for all future compilers.
Fig. 1. The development of programming languages.
C # directly associated with C, C + + and Java. This is no accident. These three languages - the most popular and favorite programming language in the world.Moreover, almost all professional programmers today know C and C + +, and most know Java. Because C # is built on a solid, meaningful foundation, the transition from these "fundamental" as to "add" occurs without much effort on the part of programmers. As Anders Heylsberh not going to invent a new language, he focused on the introduction of improvements.
Pramovoyu C # language is C. From C C # language syntax inherited a lot of keywords and operators. In addition, C # is built on the improved object model defined in C + +.
C # and Java are related by the somewhat more complicated. As mentioned above, Java is also a descendant of C and C + +. It is also common with her like syntax and object model. Like Java C # is designed to create portable code.However, C # - not a descendant of Java. Rather, C # and Java can be considered cousins with a common ancestor, but have received different sets of parents' genes. "
INTERNET AND APPEARANCE LANGUAGE JAVA
The next level of progress on the steps of programming languages has become a language Java, which initially called Oak (translated from the English. "Oak").Work on its development started in 1991 by Sun Microsystems. The main driving force behind the development of Java, James Gosling was (James Gosling).
Java - a structural object-oriented programming language syntax and principles which "kind" of C + +. His innovative aspects of Java must not so much progress in the art of programming (though it took place), but changes in the computer environment. Even before the advent of Internet, most programs were written, kompilyuvalysya and intended for use with a processor and running a particular operating system. Despite the fact that programmers have always sought to make their programs so that they can be used repeatedly, the ability to easily migrate application from one environment to another was not yet achieved, besides the problem of portability constantly vikladalysya, accomplished much more pressing problems. But with the advent of global network Internet, which were linked different types of processors and operating systems, the old problem of portability has declared itself in full voice. To fix it required a new programming language, and it was Java
Interestingly, although the single most important aspect of Java (and the reason for the rapid recognition) can create cross-platform on it (compatible with multiple operating environments), portable code, the original impetus for the emergence of Java was not the Internet, and persistent demand for an independent fromplatform language that could be used in the process of creating software for embedded controllers. In 1993 it became clear that the problem of Cross-platform portability, which clearly proved in the creation code in embedded controllers, were also relevant when trying to write code for the Internet. For Internet - a great computing environment in which "lives" lots of different types of computers. And it turned out that the same methods of solving the problem of portability in a small scale can be successfully applied to a much larger, ie the Internet in Java portability is achieved by converting the source code into intermediate code, called byte-code), ie machine- independent code generated by Java-compiler.Byte-code runs a virtual machine Java (Java Virtual Machine - JVM) - a special operating system. So, Java-program could work in any environment where the available JVM. And since the JVM is relatively simple to implement, it quickly became available for many environments.
Using the Java-bytecode programs radically distinguishes them from the C and C + + programs. If the C / C + + program to perform in another system, it must be recompiled to machine code corresponding to that environment. So, to create C / C + + program, designed to perform in different environments, you must have several different executable (machine) versions of this program. It was impractical and expensive. Conversely, the use for Java-language programs of the intermediate was an elegant and cost-effective solution. That this decision was adapted for the language C #.
Basic concepts of programming.
For a start it is necessary to consider the basic concepts of programming.Programming - Software programming using programming languages.Programming Language - a formal system of signs intended for writing programs, realized for the artist (computer).Program (program, routine) - an ordered sequence of commands (instructions) on your computer to solve the problem.Software (software) - a set of programs and data necessary for their operation documents. Programs are designed for machine implementation tasks (problems). The terms task and application (program) are very widely used in the context of computer science and software.The task or problem (problem, task) - the problem to be addressed.Application or program (application) - a software implementation on the computer solution of the problem.Software development (English software engineering, software development) - this type of activity (occupation) and the process aimed at establishing and maintaining efficiency, quality and reliability of software, using technology, methodology and practice of computer science, project management, mathematics, engineering and other fields of knowledge. Algorithm (Algorithmi, on behalf of the Persian mathematician IX. Al-Khwarizmi) - a system of rules of the computational process, which necessarily leads to solving a particular class of problems after a finite number of operations. When writing software algorithm describes the logical sequence of operations. For visual algorithms often use a flowchart. Means of rapid application development (RAD) will create a software product that consists of a number of applications that allow users to enter data in a table or edit existing data, analyze your information and present them in a more convenient form of perception - graphs, pivot tables or reports (including in the form of "paper" documents).
