BUILDING C #
Java developers have successfully settled many problems associated with portability in an environment of Internet, but not all. One of them - interlingual interoperability (cross-language interoperability) software and hardware products from different suppliers, or multi-programming (mixed-language programming). If this problem programs written in different languages, could work successfully with each other. Such interaction is necessary for large systems of distributed software (software), as well as programming software components as a valuable component that can be used in a wide range of computer languages and operating environments.
In addition, Java is not achieved full integration of the platform Windows. Although Java-program can be executed in the environment Windows (if vstanolennya virtual machine Java), Java and Windows is not tightly bound environments. And since Windows - this is the most widely used operating system in the world, the lack of direct support for Windows - a serious lack of Java.
To meet these needs, Microsoft has developed a language C #, C # was created in the late 1990s and became part of the joint. NET-into the Microsoft. She first saw light as an alpha version in mid-2000. The main architect of C # was Heylsberh Anders (Anders Hejlsberg) - one of the leading experts in the field of programming languages that has received worldwide recognition. Suffice it to say that in 1980 he was the author of a successful product Turbo Pascal, elegant implementation of which set the standard for all future compilers.
Fig. 1. The development of programming languages.
C # directly associated with C, C + + and Java. This is no accident. These three languages - the most popular and favorite programming language in the world.Moreover, almost all professional programmers today know C and C + +, and most know Java. Because C # is built on a solid, meaningful foundation, the transition from these "fundamental" as to "add" occurs without much effort on the part of programmers. As Anders Heylsberh not going to invent a new language, he focused on the introduction of improvements.
Pramovoyu C # language is C. From C C # language syntax inherited a lot of keywords and operators. In addition, C # is built on the improved object model defined in C + +.
C # and Java are related by the somewhat more complicated. As mentioned above, Java is also a descendant of C and C + +. It is also common with her like syntax and object model. Like Java C # is designed to create portable code.However, C # - not a descendant of Java. Rather, C # and Java can be considered cousins with a common ancestor, but have received different sets of parents' genes. "
CREATING OOP and C + +
By the late 1970s the size of projects began to approach critical, above which method of structured programming and C language "gave up". So began to show new approaches to programming, allowing <solve this problem. One of them is called object-oriented programming (OOP). Using OOP, a programmer could handle much larger programs than before. But the problem was that C, the most popular at the time it does not support the PLO. The desire to work with object-oriented version of C language and eventually led to the creation of C + +.Language C + + was developed by Björn Straustrupom (Bjarne Stroustrup) in the company of Bell Laboratories (New Jersey), a year is 1979 and. Initially, the creator of a new language called it "C with classes", but in 1983 the name was changed to C + +. C + + includes all elements of the language C. Thus, C can be considered the foundation on which built C + +. Most additions are made to Straustrup C, were designed to support object-oriented programming. In fact, C + + - an object-oriented language version of MS creating C + + through C Straustrup ensure a smooth transition of many programmers for the PLO. Instead of having to learn a completely new language, C-programmer was enough just to learn new tools to take advantage of object-oriented techniques.During the 1980s, C + + and intensively developed at the beginning of the 1990s was already hotovp for public use. The growth of its popularity was of the explosive nature and by the end of this decade it has become the most used programming language. Nowadays, language C + + still has the undoubted advantage in developing high-performance system-level programs.
All programming adopted divided into two main types:
Declarative. Imperative. Declarative programming - a term with two different values. Under the first definition, the program "declarative" if it describes something rather than create it.For example, web pages in HTML declarative because they describe what should contain a page and not as a display page on the screen. This approach is different from imperative programming languages that require the programmer to specify the algorithm for execution.
According to the second definition, the program "declarative" if it is written in purely functional, logical or constant programming language.
Imperatvne programming - programming paradigm under which describes the process of obtaining results as a sequence of instructions changes the state of the program. Just as with prescriptive method in linguistics lists what sequence of actions that need to complete mandatory program is a sequence of operations for the computer.
Programming paradigm - a way of thinking developer. Programming language can support or not support a particular paradigm. In the first case of paradigm is convenient, that is simple, safe and effective. We consider three basic imperative paradigms - procedural, object (module) and object-oriented (hierarchical) programming.
