BUILDING C # (C-Sharp)

  BUILDING C #


Java developers have successfully settled many problems associated with portability in an environment of Internet, but not all. One of them - interlingual interoperability (cross-language interoperability) software and hardware products from different suppliers, or multi-programming (mixed-language programming). If this problem programs written in different languages, could work successfully with each other. Such interaction is necessary for large systems of distributed software (software), as well as programming software components as a valuable component that can be used in a wide range of computer languages ​​and operating environments.
In addition, Java is not achieved full integration of the platform Windows. Although Java-program can be executed in the environment Windows (if vstanolennya virtual machine Java), Java and Windows is not tightly bound environments. And since Windows - this is the most widely used operating system in the world, the lack of direct support for Windows - a serious lack of Java.
To meet these needs, Microsoft has developed a language C #, C # was created in the late 1990s and became part of the joint. NET-into the Microsoft. She first saw light as an alpha version in mid-2000. The main architect of C # was Heylsberh Anders (Anders Hejlsberg) - one of the leading experts in the field of programming languages ​​that has received worldwide recognition. Suffice it to say that in 1980 he was the author of a successful product Turbo Pascal, elegant implementation of which set the standard for all future compilers.

Fig. 1. The development of programming languages.
C # directly associated with C, C + + and Java. This is no accident. These three languages ​​- the most popular and favorite programming language in the world.Moreover, almost all professional programmers today know C and C + +, and most know Java. Because C # is built on a solid, meaningful foundation, the transition from these "fundamental" as to "add" occurs without much effort on the part of programmers. As Anders Heylsberh not going to invent a new language, he focused on the introduction of improvements.

Pramovoyu C # language is C. From C C # language syntax inherited a lot of keywords and operators. In addition, C # is built on the improved object model defined in C + +.
C # and Java are related by the somewhat more complicated. As mentioned above, Java is also a descendant of C and C + +. It is also common with her like syntax and object model. Like Java C # is designed to create portable code.However, C # - not a descendant of Java. Rather, C # and Java can be considered cousins ​​with a common ancestor, but have received different sets of parents' genes. "

Object-oriented programming

Object-oriented paradigm has given class hierarchy. Object-oriented programming metaphor B. Straustrupa, author of C + + - one of the most popular languages ​​for object-oriented programming - a highly intellectual synonymous with good programming. Indeed, new programming paradigms appear less frequently, not more than one per decade. The fact that object-oriented paradigm has been used successfully for 20 years, itself is an important confirmation of its viability.
The algorithms are implemented in procedural programming, too specific. Any modification - this is a new algorithm and thus the number of procedures and functions that are in use, excessive increases. Modular programming algorithms are grouped into modules, while inkapsulyuyuchy data structures. It now remains to take the next step - to build a hierarchy of modules or classes.
Such hierarchies may be two. The first of them - to be part of something. For example, the line is part of polyhedra, ridge - part of the face, top - part of the rib.Another hierarchy - to be a generalization or specification. For example, oval and polygon are specifying a plane figure, the circle - specifying an oval, quadrangle - specifying the polygon, quadrilateral further specification can serve as a parallelogram, rectangle, rhombus, square. The fact that a square, rhombus, rectangle is a parallelogram allows them full access to all software made for a parallelogram, a parallelogram, in turn, is a full quadrangle, and so on. This principle, known as reusable - again - Used became one of the most important achievements of object-oriented paradigm. Again, using already existing software in more concrete terms, we appends only the part concerning the characteristics of existing concrete. This principle was named programming by difference or posting programs.
Finally, object-oriented paradigm brings to the logical completion of the principle of modeling the real world, or rather the part, which serves as an abstraction program. With this approach, the program consists of objects that correspond to real objects or concepts. Implementation of the program is reduced to the interaction of objects, which serves as an abstraction of the real interaction prototypes. All this has provided an object-oriented approach is unquestionable leadership in developing programs.
Today the family of languages ​​object-oriented programming three most prominent representative: C + +, Java and C # (C Sharp read). C + +, and today remains a recognized leader in the development of large and complex software systems.Java and C # have grown up with C + +. They have their scope of application in distributed programming and will be studied by us later.